The most important scientific feature of the modern period is comprehending the need to restore and regenerate human knowledge, including the Qur'anic interpretation and sciences. Researchers who have been engaged in Qur'anic studies in the beginning of the second half of the 20th century, recommended that these studies should be revised based on the achievements of contemporary western humanities and elements such as the interpretation methodology, historical criticism, literary criticism, formal criticism, hermeneutic discussions and the validation of the Muslim interpretative tradition should be added. The new paradigm emphasizes the necessity of methodology, which means the process that justifies the text comprehension and determines the process through which the meaning is obtained. This is the long-standing "algorithm" proposed in experimental sciences. This is the long-standing "algorithm" proposed in experimental sciences. The question is whether the experience of the church regarding the Qur'an can be repeated, and the Qur'anic and exegetical studies can become a non-religious and experimental activity? The current research first of all reveals the inadequacy of the recommended algorithms by looking at the methodology nature in its modern sense, which only takes the first step towards the goal of the text. It ultimately leads the reader through the first world of the text, but it is far from the end of the revelatory text, which is the second world of the text. Then, while showing the failure of some examples, it becomes clear that the studies based on these methods have the plague of externalism-which is manifested in the form of cognitive defects and lack of empathy. So, although there is no other choice but to transition to modern interpretation, there is no need to rush and worry about modernizing the interpretation based on such findings.

The inner structure of the verses of the Quran which is regarded as one of the four ways of the inner structures of the Quran is one of the elements of the belief that the Quran has a reality higher than its appearance which in addition to its effeteness on the proving of its being a miracle criticizing the doubts of the orient lists about the rupture of the verses, plays a role in the way of dealing with verses in the process of interpretation. Considering the concept and the kinds of the structure of the Quran and explaining its achievements, this article investigates the view of some experts in this field and analyzes the systematic structure of the six verses with each other in a general survey.

The major problem in conducting interdisciplinary research projects is that in these projects two methodological model deploy against each other: quantitative method used in natural sciences on the one hand، and qualitative method used in human and social sciences on the other hand. As a result of such a problem، useful and constructive dialogue among the experts of different scientific fields seems to have reached a deadlock. The problem of ‘translatability’، too، has emerged out of the above problem. So، paying attention to language and its communicative criteria has come to focus. In this article، firstly، by considering the roots of such a problem and mentioning the theoretical foundations of the both methodological models، the deadlock of communication between scientific fields have been analyzed. Then، from the perspective of the theory of communicative action and universal pragmatics based on the critical theory، it is proposed that applying the method of ‘critical hermeneutics’ can break the deadlock. Not to mention that the methodological model of this article itself is based on Habermas’s communicative research method.

Groundwater exploitation is exceeding the safe aquifer yield as one of major source of fresh water. Unconfined aquifer of Damaghan Plain located in vicinity of central desert of Iran encountering rapid water table decline due to over exploitation. This research focuses on quantity of aquifer loss to prevent any further the water table decline. This research carried out by use of Fuzzy method in three different models and nine subsequent sub-models. Three models distinguished based on water table variations in three levels of low loss (0-0. 7 m), medium loss (0. 7-3. 5 m) and high loss (3. 5-7 m). In all three models, recharge quantity and water table loss are inputs and aquifer deficit as an output to the model. In each of three sub-models of each model; 11 MCM as a natural recharge, 21 and 31million cubic meters as aquifer loss, respectively. By changing of water table, it is possible to get different outputs as the discharges. This operation has been carried out twelve times for each sub-model, so twelve points have been obtained as the various discharges. Then, these points are distributed by the power of two and three fitness functions. Ultimately, the appropriate recharge to compensate the aquifer deficit is defined as 21 MCM.

The Hinterland plains of the northern Persian Gulf are almost unknown in Iranian archeology. These plains are the link between the shores of the Persian Gulf and the northern regions. Numerous sites from the Sassanid era have been identified in the plains of Lamerd, Mohr and Alamarvdasht. The Site Golrokh is located in the east of Ala-Marvdasht plain, on a natural ridge in the shape of a fort enclosed in the southern foothills overlooking the city of Chahvarz. Considering the necessity and importance of recognizing Sassanid pottery, at first the main question of the research project was about how Sassanid pottery was designed. Accordingly, the cultural exchanges of this area with other contemporaries in the shores and offshore areas of the Persian Gulf were studied. This site was sampled by regular (systematic) survey method with the aim of identifying the settlement periods of networking and terrestrial pottery of 30% of the networks. 9364 pieces of pottery were collected, classified and analyzed and typologically in the statistical community. The sum of quantitative and qualitative analyzes of pottery shows: 5 samples of container body shape, 13 types of edges, 3 types of container floor, 2 types of container handle shapes and 7 types of decorative methods have been used on the surface of the container body of this area. The relative chronology of the pottery species discovered from this area shows that this area was inhabited in the late Parthian period and the beginning of the Sassanid era, in the Middle Ages and the end of the Sassanid era and finally the beginning of the Islamic era. This area was inhabited throughout the Sassanid era and in addition to being connected with the Persian region and the Persian Gulf in the commercial, economic and cultural process, the existence of a kind of red Indian pottery indicates Golrokh’s trans-regional connections in the Persian Gulf trade with India. Introduction The hinterland and coastalland of the Persian Gulf have always been considered by different people in different periods. During the Sassanid period, the The hinterland and coastalland of the Persian Gulf were important due to the existence of sea trade routes and possibly religious reasons, according to indications about the existence of fire temples in Karian (Askari Chavardi, 2013: 397) and witnessed an increase in Sassanid settlements on the hinterland and coastalland of the Persian Gulf. Information about the Sassanid settlement periods on the northern coastal land of the Persian Gulf is limited to a number of areas such as Siraf, Qeshm, etc. The situation of the northern coastalland of the Persian Gulf during the Sassanid period is more unknown than the hinterland of the Persian Gulf‚ Lamerd city which is located along and it is the mountains of South Zagros in Fars province, considered in the geographical area of the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf. This region was considered a part of Ardeshir Khoreh furnace in the Sassanid period. Qale’h-ye Golrokh area is located in the eastern part of Ala-Marvdasht plain in Lamerd city, and on the edge of a residential area. The basis of the present study is the classification of pottery in the area of Qale’h-ye Golrokh. Therefore, during this research, the area was first mapped and topographed. Then the area was divided into 10×10 M‚ networks and 30% of the pottery networks were collected. Typology, classification and comparison of pottery with similar samples in the hinterland and coastal land areas of the Persian Gulf are discussed. For this purpose, library studies were performed and finally the descriptive-analytical method was used for the final result. The results of this classification are compared with other regions of the Sassanid era, especially the Sassanid areas located in Persia and the hinterland and coastal land of the Persian Gulf. This comparison has been done to identify the Sassanid style of pottery, the influence of other regions on the region and to explain vice versa, as well as the economic exchanges and social interactions of different cultural fields and based on that the cultural status of one of the coastal regions of the Persian Gulf was determined. Identified Traces The most important cultural materials in Qale’h-ye Golrokh are the pottery collected from the studied networks from the surface of the area, which are culturally important. Most of the pottery was black (39.7%), gray (10.3%), dark gray (10.3%), dark brown (4.2%) and brown (6.9%). Among the pottery pieces of Qale’h-ye Golrokh, some groups of pottery are of great importance, which include the following groups. Glazed pottery (Qale’h-ye Golrokh glazed pottery can be divided into two groups: alkaline glazed pottery and sprinkled glazed pottery), 2- Pottery with thick red and brown slip (this type of pottery was produced in the late Parthian and Sassanid eras) 3- Indian red polishing pottery (this pottery was first defined in Baruda and dated to the 1st century AD and in other areas between the 3-5th century AD, and in some cases to the end of the 6th century AD (Whitehouse and Williamson: 1973, 39-38), 4- Pottery with Black Slip, 5- Large Incised Storage Vessels with carved patterns (similar examples of them are generally from the Sassanid and early Islamic periods (Kennet, 2014: 159), 6- Coarse Black pottery (These pottery have been found in Maliha and Addor from the 2nd century BC to at least the 4th century AD (Kennet, 2014: 158), 7- Sassanid Clinky (this type of pottery has been introduced in the southern area as Sassanid Clinky pottery (Kennet: 2002, 158-157), 8- Red & Black Polished Burnished pottery.   Conclusion As a result of reviewing and studying 9364 pieces of pottery according to the mentioned variables and taking into account the error coefficient (destruction of the area and the possibility of losing part of the pottery of Qale’h-ye Golrokh), it can be said that the shape of dishes obtained from Qale’h-ye Golrokh includes more ordinary pottery. It is used daily, which is rough in terms of manufacturing quality and average production, and in general, it has been a functional container with daily use. According to the results, in the area of Golrokh Castle, based on the typological comparison, Sassanid pottery makes up the largest percentage of the pottery collection, but in this area, there are also pottery of the late Parthian or early Islamic era. In Qale’h-ye Golrokh pottery collection, there is a variety of colors and different types of utensils, which indicates the commercial relations of this area from the late Parthian period, during the Sassanid period and the beginning of the Islamic era with the shores, hinterland and the Persian Gulf. The technical characteristics of Sassanid pottery in Golrokh Castle and their comparison with contemporary vessels in other areas of this period show that this area has played an active role in political, commercial and economic interactions in southern Iran. In addition to the existence of Darabgard coin in this area, similar decorative patterns or close resemblance of the edges of the dishes of this area with the areas of Suhar, Ras Al Khaimah, Siraf, Qeshm, Hajiabad, Darabgird, Bishapur, Qasr Abu Nasr and Karian show that this area Not only has it been associated with the sites and ports located in the Ardeshir Khoreh basin, but it has also been active and dynamic in the economic relations and trade route of Ardeshir Khoreh with the Persian Gulf ports. The presence of red pottery attributed to Indian red polishing pottery in the area of Qaleh Golrokh indicates direct and indirect connections within and outside the area of this area in the Persian Gulf trade.

Throughout the history of Islam, numerous works have been written as sources and studies on the authenticity and historical truth of the Holy Quran. These works aim to establish the credibility of the Quran, which is considered the most important source of the Islamic religion. However, there are criticisms regarding the research approaches and methods used in these books and sources. One of the main shortcomings is the failure of Quran scholars to acknowledge the Quran as a historical and social phenomenon. This oversight has led to a weak methodology in studying its history. Therefore, it is necessary to rewrite different aspects of the Quran's history by employing scientific approaches and methods that take into account its historical and social nature. To achieve a more comprehensive understanding, different approaches such as structuralism and critical analysis can be utilized. Structuralism focuses on analyzing the underlying structures and systems within a text, while critical analysis examines the socio-political context and power dynamics that influence the interpretation of the Quran. By incorporating these approaches, researchers can shed light on the historical truth of the Quran. They can critically analyze the sources and methodologies used in previous studies, ensuring a more accurate and nuanced understanding of its history. Paying attention to the structuralist approach in the study of the history of the Quran shows the connection between historical events, the Quran, and the prophetic tradition as the foundation of Islamic civilization; the historical events such as the murder of ʻUthmān ibn ʻAffān and the actions of Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf Thaqafī. The critical approach also indicates the necessity of historical criticism of the narrations of Zayd ibn Thābit, Ibn Shihāb Zahrī, Shuʻbat ibn Ḥajjāj, Ibn Abī Dāwūd, Abwʻbyd Qāsim ibn Sallām.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the content of the articles of "Journal of Science and Technology Policy" during the years 2008-2017. For this purpose, all articles published in this magazine have been evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively over the course of 10 years (231 articles) and their content has been reviewed in terms of their status and achievements in the course of the country's science and technology policy. The method of this research is synchronous and synchronous. To collect data from the checklist and to analyze the data, Excel software and descriptive statistics were used. The main issue of the research was that the role of the articles of the "Quarterly Journal of Science and Technology Policy" during the years 2008-2017 in helping the knowledge of science and technology policy policy? The research findings are summarized in 15 axes. From the author's point of view, the main focus is to examine the content of the published articles of the magazine in the last 10 years, from the perspective of the policy cycle. The result of this study shows that more than half of the articles (55%) have somehow tried to provide a part of a new theory, but lack of critical conditions such as critical articles * Corresponding author: hn. sbu. ac@gmail. com and reciprocal discussions, use of the results of previous research and completion They have prevented the formation of comprehensive theories in the field of science and technology.